What are the similarities and differences between diesel engines, gasoline engines, and hydrogen engines?
Nov 25,2024
Today, let's have a detailed discussion about diesel engines, gasoline engines, and hydrogen engines. Although diesel internal combustion engines and hydrogen internal combustion engines both belong to the category of internal combustion engines in principle, they have significant structural differences due to the different characteristics of their fuels.
Today, let's talk in detail about diesel engines, gasoline engines, and hydrogen engines. Although diesel internal combustion engines and hydrogen internal combustion engines both belong to the category of internal combustion engines in principle, they have significant structural differences due to the different characteristics of their fuels.
1. Main structural differences
Fuel supply system
Diesel engine:
Fuel supply method: Diesel is injected directly into the combustion chamber through a high-pressure injection pump, relying on the high temperature generated by compressed air to ignite the diesel (compression ignition).
Intake system: During the intake process, only air is drawn in, and after compression, diesel is injected into the combustion chamber through the injector.
Hydrogen internal combustion engine:
Fuel supply method: Hydrogen, as a gaseous fuel, usually requires a specialized high-pressure hydrogen injection system to be injected directly or indirectly into the intake manifold or combustion chamber, relying on a spark plug for ignition (spark ignition).
Intake system: During the intake process, it may need to mix with hydrogen to ensure a reasonable combustion mixture ratio and prevent knocking issues.
Ignition system
Diesel engine:
Ignition method: Compression ignition (i.e., relying on high temperatures generated by air compression to ignite diesel), without a spark plug.
Hydrogen internal combustion engine:
Ignition method: Since hydrogen combustion requires more precise ignition control, it typically uses spark ignition similar to gasoline engines, necessitating the addition of a spark plug system.
Combustion characteristics and compression ratio
Diesel engine:
Combustion characteristics: Diesel combustion is relatively stable, has a high ignition point, and can easily reach ignition temperature through compressed air; therefore, the compression ratio is generally high, usually between 15:1 and 20:1.
Hydrogen internal combustion engine:
Combustion characteristics: Hydrogen burns quickly and is flammable and explosive, requiring precise control of the mixture ratio and ignition timing. To prevent knocking (hydrogen auto-ignition), hydrogen internal combustion engines typically use a lower compression ratio, usually between 9:1 and 12:1.
Intake and exhaust system
Diesel engine:
Intake and exhaust characteristics: The exhaust system of diesel engines needs to consider the control of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides emissions during design and is equipped with exhaust treatment devices such as diesel particulate filters (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction systems (SCR).
Hydrogen internal combustion engine:
Intake and exhaust characteristics: The products of hydrogen combustion are mainly water vapor; however, due to high-temperature combustion, nitrogen oxides (NOx) may still be produced, so exhaust treatment is still necessary. However, compared to diesel, hydrogen emissions are cleaner, reducing the complexity of the exhaust system.
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